You can find lots of information on public companies (businesses with shares traded on public exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange). Not so much on private companies.
Identify the official name of your company
Make sure you know your company's full name — it makes for efficient searching.
Location
Is your company headquartered in the United States or is it located in another country? Depending on the type of information you are looking for, location can affect company research.
Company size matters
The smaller the company, especially private companies, the less information you'll probably find. Inversely, people researching huge multinational corporations can be overwhelmed with too much information.